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| 1915 June |
| | | Dutch aircraft designer Anton Fokker, working for the Germans, vastly improves the Roland Garros technique for firing machine guns through the propellers of fighter planes | |
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| c. 1915 July |
| | | German fighter planes are armed with new machine guns synchronized to fire between the revolving propeller blades | |
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| 1915 |
| | | from December - the 225-horsepower Eagle, the first of many Rolls-Royce aero-engines, is used to power British bombers | |
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| 1925 |
| | | A Protocol signed in Geneva probibits the use in warfare of poisonous gas and bacteriological weapons | |
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| 1936 |
| | | The prototype of the Spitfire, designed by Reginald Mitchell, has its first test flight | |
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| 1939 August 2 |
| | | German-born US physicist Albert Einstein writes to President Roosevelt, warning of the potential of an atomic bomb | |
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| 1942 April |
| | | British engineer Barnes Wallis designs a bouncing and rotating bomb for use against German dams | |
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| 1942 June 7 |
| | | US physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer is appointed director of the Manhattan Project to develop a nuclear weapon | |
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| 1942 October 3 |
| | | The German V-2 rocket is successfully tested by Wernher von Braun and his team at Peenemünde | |
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| 1942 December 2 |
| | | Enrico Fermi and his team in Chicago achieve the first nuclear chain reaction | |
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